In the year 1820, Andre Ampere and Hans Oersted discovered that electric current produces magnetic field. Then, ten years later in 1830, Ampere, Oersted, and many other scientists were able to create the basic DC motor.
In addition, another person who contributed a lot to the fundamentals of electromagnetic induction was Michael Faraday. In the year 1831, he discovered electromagnetic induction, which is the concept behind the generator, or a motor like ours. This was a huge achievement for enabling electricity to become better understood by scientists. Faraday built inventions that created what he called electromagnetic rotation, or circular motion from the circular magnetic force around a wire. After he found out this concept, he began experimenting which later resulted in his discovery of electromagnetic induction. Faraday's drive to learn more about electricity came from his desire to disprove what Hans Oersted speculated. One of Faraday's inventions included a dish of mercury with a fixed magnet in the middle, a wire hung above the dish, and a battery to connect the circuit. This was one of the first electric motors. A diagram of this invention is shown below.
After the initial invention of the electric motor, then the expansion began. Ten years after the first motor was built, a scientist named Joseph Henry improved on the motor. He created a motor where the rotating part was an electromagnet with a horizontal axis. The motion resulted in two vertical, permanent magnets that repelled and attracted one another as it swayed. This motion made the magnet swing back and forth at 75 cycles per minute. Joseph Henry's edition of the motor is shown below.
Then, in 1828, William Sturgeon came out with an invention that changed the way motors worked; he invented the commutator. In fact, he is credited with the invention of the first rotary electric motor.
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